The study addresses the triggering mechanism for different flavours of El Nino in the recent decades. The results show that stronger boreal spring (Mar-May) through summer (June-September) westerly wind anomalies (WWA), with relatively stronger ocean pre-conditioning result in canonical El Nino, weaker ocean pre-conditioning and weaker WWA generate El Nino Modoki or central Pacific El Nino, stronger ocean preconditioning and weaker WWA lead to a basin wide warming pattern. The strength of the WWA is crucial in determining the strength of the ocean dynamic response and the thermocline displacements in the Pacific. The study has important implications for understanding the nature of El Nino in advance. Read more... (Jyoti J, Swapna P, Shamal M. and K. Ashok, Scientific Reports , Nov. 2015)

Analysis of 5-yr (from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013) free run of the superparameterized (SP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) version 2 (CFSv2) (SP-CFS), implemented for the first time at a spectral triangular truncation at wavenumber 62 (T62) atmospheric horizontal resolution, is presented. The SP-CFS simulations are evaluated against observations and traditional convection parameterized CFSv2 simulations at T62 resolution as well as at some higher resolutions. The SP-CFS significantly reduces the dry bias of precipitation over the Indian subcontinent (Figure 1.) and better captures the monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) modes and convectively coupled Equatorial Waves (Figure 2). This analysis of the development of SP-CFS is particularly important as it shows promise for improving the cloud process representation through an SP framework and is able to improve the mean as well as intraseasonal characteristics of CFSv2 within the context of the ISM. Read more... (Goswami B.B., Krishna R.P.M., Mukhopadhyay P., Khairoutdinov M., Goswami B.N., Journal of Climate, Nov 2015)

For the first time, this study by IITM is contribution towards the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP), the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) global assessment efforts using regional and global model simulations and addressed the issues pertaining to Air quality over South Asia and hemispheric transport of pollutants in the HTAP phase-2 renewed mandate. Read more... (Divya E., Ghude S.D., Beig G., L.K. Emmonsb, Jena C., Rajesh K., G.G. Pfister, Chate D.M., Atmospheric Environment , Dec. 2015)